ThinkPHP 数据库操作之数据表模型和基础模型 ( Model-白红宇

一、定义数据表模型

1.模型映射

要测试数据库是否正常连接，最直接的办法就是在当前控制器中实例化数据表，然后使用 dump 函数输出，查看数据库的链接状态。代码：

public function testdb(){    $obj=M("User");    dump($obj);}

此时浏览器输出：

object(Model)#5 (20) {

["_extModel:private"] => NULL

["db:protected"] => object(DbMysql)#7 (18) {

["dbType:protected"] => string(5) "MYSQL"

["autoFree:protected"] => bool(false)

["model:protected"] => string(7) "_think_"

["pconnect:protected"] => bool(false)

["queryStr:protected"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"

["modelSql:protected"] => array(1) {

["user"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"

}

["lastInsID:protected"] => NULL

["numRows:protected"] => int(2)

["numCols:protected"] => int(0)

["transTimes:protected"] => int(0)

["error:protected"] => string(0) ""

["linkID:protected"] => array(1) {

[0] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)

}

["_linkID:protected"] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)

["queryID:protected"] => resource(28) of type (mysql result)

["connected:protected"] => bool(true)

["comparison:protected"] => array(10) {

["eq"] => string(1) "="

["neq"] => string(2) "<>"

["gt"] => string(1) ">"

["egt"] => string(2) ">="

["lt"] => string(1) "<"

["elt"] => string(2) "<="

["notlike"] => string(8) "NOT LIKE"

["like"] => string(4) "LIKE"

["in"] => string(2) "IN"

["notin"] => string(6) "NOT IN"

}

["selectSql:protected"] => string(96) "SELECT%DISTINCT% %FIELD% FROM %TABLE%%JOIN%%WHERE%%GROUP%%HAVING%%ORDER%%LIMIT% %UNION%%COMMENT%"

["bind:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["pk:protected"] => string(2) "id"

["tablePrefix:protected"] => string(4) "tpk_"

["name:protected"] => string(4) "user"

["dbName:protected"] => string(0) ""

["connection:protected"] => string(0) ""

["tableName:protected"] => string(0) ""

["trueTableName:protected"] => string(8) "tpk_user"

["error:protected"] => string(0) ""

["fields:protected"] => array(5) {

[0] => string(2) "id"

[1] => string(8) "username"

["_autoinc"] => bool(true)

["_pk"] => string(2) "id"

["_type"] => array(2) {

["id"] => string(7) "int(11)"

["username"] => string(11) "varchar(20)"

}

["data:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["options:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["_validate:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["_auto:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["_map:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["_scope:protected"] => array(0) {

}

["autoCheckFields:protected"] => bool(true)

["patchValidate:protected"] => bool(false)

["methods:protected"] => array(13) {

[0] => string(5) "table"

[1] => string(5) "order"

[2] => string(5) "alias"

[3] => string(6) "having"

[4] => string(5) "group"

[5] => string(4) "lock"

[6] => string(8) "distinct"

[7] => string(4) "auto"

[8] => string(6) "filter"

[9] => string(8) "validate"

[10] => string(6) "result"

[11] => string(4) "bind"

[12] => string(5) "token"

}

http://127.0.0.26/index.php/index/testdb

object(Model)#5 (20) {  ["_extModel:private"] => NULL  ["db:protected"] => object(DbMysql)#7 (18) {    ["dbType:protected"] => string(5) "MYSQL"    ["autoFree:protected"] => bool(false)    ["model:protected"] => string(7) "_think_"    ["pconnect:protected"] => bool(false)    ["queryStr:protected"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"    ["modelSql:protected"] => array(1) {      ["user"] => string(28) "SHOW COLUMNS FROM `tpk_user`"    }    ["lastInsID:protected"] => NULL    ["numRows:protected"] => int(2)    ["numCols:protected"] => int(0)    ["transTimes:protected"] => int(0)    ["error:protected"] => string(0) ""    ["linkID:protected"] => array(1) {      [0] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)    }    ["_linkID:protected"] => resource(27) of type (mysql link)    ["queryID:protected"] => resource(28) of type (mysql result)    ["connected:protected"] => bool(true)    ["comparison:protected"] => array(10) {      ["eq"] => string(1) "="      ["neq"] => string(2) "<>"      ["gt"] => string(1) ">"      ["egt"] => string(2) ">="      ["lt"] => string(1) "<"      ["elt"] => string(2) "<="      ["notlike"] => string(8) "NOT LIKE"      ["like"] => string(4) "LIKE"      ["in"] => string(2) "IN"      ["notin"] => string(6) "NOT IN"    }    ["selectSql:protected"] => string(96) "SELECT%DISTINCT% %FIELD% FROM %TABLE%%JOIN%%WHERE%%GROUP%%HAVING%%ORDER%%LIMIT% %UNION%%COMMENT%"    ["bind:protected"] => array(0) {    }  }  ["pk:protected"] => string(2) "id"  ["tablePrefix:protected"] => string(4) "tpk_"  ["name:protected"] => string(4) "user"  ["dbName:protected"] => string(0) ""  ["connection:protected"] => string(0) ""  ["tableName:protected"] => string(0) ""  ["trueTableName:protected"] => string(8) "tpk_user"  ["error:protected"] => string(0) ""  ["fields:protected"] => array(5) {    [0] => string(2) "id"    [1] => string(8) "username"    ["_autoinc"] => bool(true)    ["_pk"] => string(2) "id"    ["_type"] => array(2) {      ["id"] => string(7) "int(11)"      ["username"] => string(11) "varchar(20)"    }  }  ["data:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["options:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["_validate:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["_auto:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["_map:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["_scope:protected"] => array(0) {  }  ["autoCheckFields:protected"] => bool(true)  ["patchValidate:protected"] => bool(false)  ["methods:protected"] => array(13) {    [0] => string(5) "table"    [1] => string(5) "order"    [2] => string(5) "alias"    [3] => string(6) "having"    [4] => string(5) "group"    [5] => string(4) "lock"    [6] => string(8) "distinct"    [7] => string(4) "auto"    [8] => string(6) "filter"    [9] => string(8) "validate"    [10] => string(6) "result"    [11] => string(4) "bind"    [12] => string(5) "token"  }}

如果没有提示错误即为成功。

M("User") 就是模型映射，M 函数等于 new Model() ，Model 类是模型的基类，也是数据库操作的基类， "User" 是该类的一个成员属性，表示模型名称，模型名称与数据库中的数据表进行映射。注意：User "U" 要大写，数据库中此时应该存在一张 user 表，系统会根据配置文件中的设置给 user 表添加前缀，例如 tpk_user。如果不需要为表添加前缀，将模型名称首字母改为小写，例如 M("user")。

2.自定义模型

D 函数用于快速实例化自定义模型，可以进行复杂的数据库操作，比如数据检验、数据缓存、数据加工等。自定义模型存放在 Lib/Model 目录下，例如为数据表 tpk_article 数据表建立模型映射，则需要创建 ArticleModel.class.php，然后使用 D 函数进行实例化，ArticleModel 模型将与 tpk_article 表进行映射。

例：使用 select() 输出 tpk_article 表的数据 ( select() 方法用于列出所有符合条件的数据 ) ：

class IndexAction extends Action {        public function article(){    $obj=D("Article");    $rows=$obj->select();                dump($rows);   }}

浏览器输出：

array(6) {

[0] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "1"

["title"] => string(4) "test"

["content"] => string(12) "test_content"

["category"] => string(13) "test_category"

["area"] => string(6) "北京"

["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"

["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-20 23:03:44"

}

[1] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "2"

["title"] => string(12) "吼吼吼吼"

["content"] => string(18) "任溶溶柔然人"

["category"] => string(14) "test_category2"

["area"] => string(6) "河北"

["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"

["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 15:16:12"

}

[2] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "4"

["title"] => string(7) "test2_m"

["content"] => string(4) "haha"

["category"] => string(0) ""

["area"] => string(6) "福建"

["add_user"] => NULL

["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 11:44:26"

}

[3] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "5"

["title"] => string(2) "22"

["content"] => NULL

["category"] => string(0) ""

["area"] => string(6) "福建"

["add_user"] => NULL

["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 12:40:58"

}

[4] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "6"

["title"] => string(1) "1"

["content"] => string(1) "2"

["category"] => string(0) ""

["area"] => string(6) "福建"

["add_user"] => NULL

["add_time"] => NULL

}

[5] => array(7) {

["id"] => string(1) "7"

["title"] => string(6) "lalala"

["content"] => string(6) "hohoho"

["category"] => string(0) ""

["area"] => string(6) "北京"

["add_user"] => NULL

["add_time"] => NULL

}

http://127.0.0.26/index.php/index/article

array(6) {  [0] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "1"    ["title"] => string(4) "test"    ["content"] => string(12) "test_content"    ["category"] => string(13) "test_category"    ["area"] => string(6) "北京"    ["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"    ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-20 23:03:44"  }  [1] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "2"    ["title"] => string(12) "吼吼吼吼"    ["content"] => string(18) "任溶溶柔然人"    ["category"] => string(14) "test_category2"    ["area"] => string(6) "河北"    ["add_user"] => string(5) "admin"    ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 15:16:12"  }  [2] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "4"    ["title"] => string(7) "test2_m"    ["content"] => string(4) "haha"    ["category"] => string(0) ""    ["area"] => string(6) "福建"    ["add_user"] => NULL    ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 11:44:26"  }  [3] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "5"    ["title"] => string(2) "22"    ["content"] => NULL    ["category"] => string(0) ""    ["area"] => string(6) "福建"    ["add_user"] => NULL    ["add_time"] => string(19) "2014-11-22 12:40:58"  }  [4] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "6"    ["title"] => string(1) "1"    ["content"] => string(1) "2"    ["category"] => string(0) ""    ["area"] => string(6) "福建"    ["add_user"] => NULL    ["add_time"] => NULL  }  [5] => array(7) {    ["id"] => string(1) "7"    ["title"] => string(6) "lalala"    ["content"] => string(6) "hohoho"    ["category"] => string(0) ""    ["area"] => string(6) "北京"    ["add_user"] => NULL    ["add_time"] => NULL  }}

例2：让 tpk_article 表的内容根据客户所在的地区显示当地的新闻：

ArticleModel.class.php:


      where("area='{$this->checkUserArea()}'")->select();        return $rows;    }    protected function checkUserArea(){            return "北京";        }

控制器代码：

IndexAction.class.php:


      article();    $this->assign("list",$rows);    $this->display();

同时视图代码：

TPL/Index/article.html:


          
       <{$vo.title}> - <{$vo.area}> - <{$vo.content}>

附：数据表 tpk_article 的表结构为：

总结：自定义模型映射，一个模型对应一个数据表，所有增删改查都在模型类中完成。M 实例化的参数是数据库的表名，D 实例化的是自己在 model 文件夹下建立的模型文件。

3.create 方法

TP 对数据的插入和更新都做了高度封装：提供了 create() 方法用于创建数据对象。

概念：数据对象 —— 数据字段与数据表之间的关系，数据会被映射为类成员，再与数据表映射，最后实现数据的插入或更新。

create() 方法是连贯操作、CURD 操作的集合 ( 包括数据创建、数据检验、表单验证、自动完成等 )。

cerate() 的数据源由 POST 表单提供，比如表单中有 username 表单元素，则该元素会被自动映射为数据表中的 username 字段。数据对象创建成功以后，对象被存放于内存中。

例：添加数据

控制器：IndexAction，动作：add_article，代码：

IndexAction.class.php:


      display();    }｝

视图: Tpl/Index/add_article.html：

__URL__/add 表示当前控制器的 add 动作。

add 动作代码：


      create();        $articleObj->add_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());        if($articleObj->add()){            $this->success("数据添加成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据添加失败");        }}

例子结束。

4.模型属性( Model )

_map 属性：字段映射

为了避免前台表单元素与数据库字段名相同而使数据库字段暴露，可以修改前台表单元素的 name，同时在 Model 中使用 _map 属性。代码：

视图：Tpl/Index/add_article.html：

模型：ArticleModel.class.php:


      "title",        "textEdit"=>"content"    );}

控制器：IndexAction.class.php:


      create();        $articleObj->add_time = date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());        if($articleObj->add()){                    $this->success("数据添加成功");        }else{                    $this->error("数据添加失败");        }}

例子结束。

二、基础模型

1.连贯操作

连贯方法除了 select() 方法外，其他的连贯方法不区分前后顺序。

例：

$rows=$obj->where("add_user='dee'")->order("add_time desc")->limit(10)->select();

2.CURD

① 创建数据 add()


      add($data)){            $this->success("数据添加成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据添加失败");        }    }}

另一个例子：


      data($data)->add()){            $this->success("数据添加成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据添加失败");        }    }}

② 更新数据 save()


      save($data)){            $this->success("数据修改成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据修改失败");        }    }}

③ 读取数据 select 和 getFiled

getField 例子：


      where("id=3")->setField("content","{$_POST['subject']}")){            $this->success("数据修改成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据修改失败");        }    }｝

④ 删除数据 delete


      where("id=".$_GET['id'])->delete()){            $this->success("数据删除成功");        }else{            $this->error("数据删除失败");        }    }｝

3.查询语言

例子：


      where($data)->select();        $count=$obj->where($data)->count();        $tb=C("DB_PREFIX");        $this->assign("list",$rows);        $this->assign("count",$count);        $this->assign("tb",$tb);        $this->display("Article");    }        public function archives2(){        $obj = M("Archives");        $data['id'] = array(array("lt","1034"),array("GT","1029"),"and");        $rows=$obj->where($data)->select();        $this->assign("list",$rows);        $this->display("Article");    }｝

可以在控制器中使用 echo $obj->getLastSql(); 查看转换后的 SQL 语句。

参考资料：《PHP MVC 开发实战》

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